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The Fantasticks is a 1960 musical theatre with music by Harvey Schmidt and book and lyrics by Tom Jones. It tells an allegorical story, loosely based on the 1894 play The Romancers ( Les Romanesques) by Edmond Rostand, concerning two neighboring fathers who trick their children, Luisa and Matt, into falling in love by pretending to feud.
The show's original off-Broadway production ran a total of 42 years (until 2002) and 17,162 performances, making it the world's longest-running musical. Official Website. Accessed June 16, 2010 The musical was produced by Lore Noto. It was awarded Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre in 1991. The poetic book and breezy, inventive score, including such memorable songs as "Try to Remember", helped make the show durable. Many productions followed, as well as television and film versions. The Fantasticks has become a staple of regional, community and high school productions since its premiere, with approximately 250 new productions each year. It is played with a small cast, two- to three-person orchestra and minimalist set design.
The show was revived off-Broadway from 2006 to 2017. As of 2010, its original investors had earned 240 times their original investments.Cochran, Jason. "'The Fantasticks' earned its investors a 24,000% return ... and counting". WalletPop.com, April 27, 2010 The musical has played in all 50 US states and in at least 67 foreign countries.Gollust, Shelley and Jerilyn Watson. " The Fantasticks at 50". VOANews.com, May 23, 2010
The musical is based loosely on The Romancers ( Les Romanesques) by Edmond Rostand, Edmond Rostand (1903) Les Romanesques: comédie en trois actes, en vers (Google eBook) which draws elements from the story of Pyramus and Thisbe, Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet and A Midsummer Night's Dream, and Donizetti's L'elisir d'amore. The Fantasticks. MusicalHeaven.com Edmond Rostand (1915) The Romancers: Comedy in Three Acts, Samuel French (Google eBook)
The script was substantially rewritten by Jones and Schmidt, with the character of Mortimer now "not really an Indian" but playing one during the "Rape Ballet" sequence. The Wild West setting was abandoned, as was most of the script. All but a few songs in the score were also jettisoned, and the staging of the play was changed to a thrust stage.Jones and Schmidt, p. 8 Tom Jones says that the name of the play came from George Fleming's 1900 adaptation of the Rostand play, which used the name The Fantasticks. Edmond Rostand, George Fleming (1900) The Fantasticks: a romantic comedy in three acts, R.H. Russell, New York (Google eBook) Harley Granville-Barker's book, On Dramatic Method, provided the idea of using a series of images to help weave a unifying theme to the play.Jones and Schmidt, p. 10 Thornton Wilder's Our Town gave Jones the idea of using a narrator, the staging of Carlo Goldoni's Servant of Two Masters provided the concept of having actors sit stage-side when not acting, and John Houseman's production of The Winter's Tale and Leonard Bernstein's Candide suggested the use of sun, moon, frozen action, and incidental music.Jones and Schmidt, pp. 10–11 The song "Try to Remember" was added at this time. Harvey Schmidt says he wrote it in a single afternoon, after it emerged in almost complete form after a fruitless afternoon attempting to compose other songs.Jones and Schmidt, pp. 11–12
The revamped play appeared on a bill of new one-act plays at Barnard College for one week in August 1959.Jones and Schmidt, pp. 12–15
The opening of The Fantasticks met with mixed reviews. Four years later, in The New York Times, Schmidt and Jones recalled that Noto had kept the show running despite the criticism. The musical was awarded the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre in 1991.
The production closed on January 13, 2002, after 17,162 performances. It is the world's longest-running musical and the longest-running uninterrupted show of any kind in the United States.BWW News Desk. "London's 'The Fantasticks' to Close Early, 6/26". Westend.broadwayworld.com, June 14, 2010 "'The Fantasticks' listing" thefantasticks.com, retrieved June 16, 2010Hernandez, Ernio. "Long Runs on Broadway", February 17, 2009, accessed June 16, 2010 Other notable actors who appeared in the off-Broadway and touring production throughout its long run included Liza Minnelli, Elliott Gould, F. Murray Abraham, Glenn Close, Keith Charles, Carole Demas, Kristin Chenoweth, Bert Convy, Eileen Fulton, Lore Noto (the show's longtime producer), Dick Latessa, and Martin Vidnovic. Replacements list at official website, accessed June 16, 2009
It toured in Vietnam in 1969–70, presented by the Command Military Touring Shows, a unit of Army Special Entertainment branch of the US Army Special Services. The company was made up of military personnel.Grills, Matt. "All the War's a Stage", The American Legion, July 22, 2013, accessed March 15, 2019
Anthony Fedorov played the role of Matt in 2007. Margaret Anne Florence played Luisa in 2008.Hetrick, Adam. "Florence and Nostrand Join Cast of Off-Broadway's Fantasticks" . Playbill.com, July 21, 2008, accessed August 16, 2010 Lewis Cleale played El Gallo between 2008 and 2010. "Cleale Returns to The Fantasticks, McDaniel Joins on June 29, BroadwayWorld.com, June 29, 2009 Edward Watts is Fantasticks' New El Gallo; Cleale Departs 3/14, BroadwayWorld.com, March 9, 2010 Jones left the cast in 2010, after the musical had celebrated its 50th anniversary.Hetrick, Adam. "Tom Jones to Depart The Fantasticks Off-Broadway June 6". Playbill.com, June 4, 2010 Pop star Aaron Carter joined the cast as Matt in 2011.Hetrick, Adam. " The Fantasticks Welcomes Aaron Carter Nov. 7 Off-Broadway" , November 7, 2011 In memory of the original El Gallo, the theatre hosting the revival was renamed the Jerry Orbach Theater.
In 2022, Flint Repertory Theatre in Flint, Michigan, premiered a sex-changed version adapted by Jones and director Michael Lluberes that included LGBT themes; among other things, it changed the female lead, Luisa, to a male character, Lewis, and the fathers became mother characters.Redman, Bridgette M. "Tender and Callow Fellows: Flint Rep’s Gay Fantasticks", American Theatre, June 8, 2022
The Fantasticks has been seen in at least 67 countries, and It has been translated into many languages.Vincents, M.: "Amazing Facts About The Fantasticks", Go Articles, January 13, 2010
A feature film directed by Michael Ritchie was completed in 1995 but not released until 2000. It starred Joel Grey, Brad Sullivan, Jean Louisa Kelly, Barnard Hughes, Jonathon Morris and Joey McIntyre and included some changes to the book. It was both a critical and box office failure. " The Fantasticks: Sprinkling Stardust and a Dollop of Magic Over a Pair of Lovebirds", The New York Times, September 22, 2000, accessed March 23, 2015
A mysterious bandit, El Gallo, tells about the kind of September "when love was an ember about to billow" ("Try to Remember"). He begins to narrate the plot of the play. Two young people, Matt and Luisa, live next door to each other and fall in love. However, their fathers are feuding and order them not to speak to each other. Luisa fantasizes about the experiences she wants to have in her life ("Much More"). Matt then delivers a speech about his love for Luisa, calling over the wall to her in a mock literary/heroic way ("Metaphor"). Matt and Luisa climb to the top of the wall and speak secretly of Luisa's romantic vision of Matt saving her from kidnapping. Matt's father, Mr. Hucklebee, then appears and tells about his philosophy of life and gardening (don't over-water). He orders Matt to go inside the house. Luisa's father, Mr. Bellomy, arrives and gives a contrasting philosophy of life and gardening (plenty of water). He orders Luisa inside. He then calls to Hucklebee, and the two old friends boast about their cleverness in pretending to feud as a means to ensure that their children fall in love. They note that to manipulate children you need merely to say "no" ("Never Say No"). Hucklebee tells Bellomy of his plan to end the feud by having Luisa "kidnapped" by a professional abductor so that Matt can "rescue" her and appear heroic.
The hired professional, El Gallo, appears and offers the fathers a menu of different varieties of "Raptio" – in the literary sense of an abduction or kidnapping – that he can simulate ("It Depends on What You Pay"). Deciding to spare no expense for their beloved children (within reason), the fathers agree to a "first class" abduction scene. A disheveled old actor with a failing memory, Henry Albertson, arrives with his sidekick, Mortimer, a Cockney dressed as an American Indian. El Gallo engages them to help with the staged kidnapping. Matt and Luisa return to speak of their love and hint at physical intimacy ("Soon It's Gonna Rain"). El Gallo and the actors burst in and carry out the moonlit abduction scenario; Matt "defeats" the three ("Rape Ballet"). The feud is ended and the wall between the houses torn down, with the children and the fathers joined in a picturesque final tableau ("Happy Ending"). El Gallo collects the stage properties used in the "abduction" and wonders aloud how long the lovers and their fathers will be able to maintain their elaborately joyful poses. He and The Mute leave.
Matt is eager to leave the provincial town. He and El Gallo discuss his gleaming vision of adventure ("I Can See It"). Henry and Mortimer return and lead Matt off to see the world. A month passes, and the fathers have rebuilt the wall. They meet and speak sadly of their children; Luisa is like a statue and does nothing but sit and dream; Matt still hasn't returned. They then sing about the uncertainties of raising children, as compared with the reliability of vegetable gardening ("Plant a Radish"). Luisa sees El Gallo watching her and is intrigued by the handsome, experienced bandit. Impulsively, she asks him to take her away to see the world. In a long fantasy sequence, they preview a series of romantic adventures through a mask of unreality, while in the background Matt is being abused and beaten by Henry and Mortimer portraying a series of unpleasant exotic employers. Luisa's fantasies become increasingly frenzied, exhausting and darkly underscored ("Round and Round").
El Gallo tells Luisa to pack her things for the journey, but before she goes inside to do so, he asks her to give him her treasured necklace, a relic of her dead mother, as a pledge that she will return. As she goes inside, El Gallo promises her a world of beauty and grandeur; at the same time, Matt approaches, giving a contrasting version of the cruel experiences that one can suffer ("I Can See It" (reprise)). As Luisa disappears, El Gallo turns to leave, the injured Matt makes a pitiful attempt to stop him from hurting Luisa, but El Gallo knocks him away and disappears. Luisa returns to find that El Gallo has left with her necklace, and she sits in tears. El Gallo, as the narrator, explains poetically that he had to hurt Matt and Luisa, and also himself in the process. Matt comforts Luisa, and he tells her a little about his experiences, and the two realize that everything they wanted was each other ("They Were You"; "Metaphor" (reprise)), but that they now understand that more deeply. The Fathers return joyfully and are about to tear down the wall, when El Gallo reminds them that the wall must always remain ("Try to Remember" (reprise)).
To deal with changing audience perceptions, the musical's book is usually edited to replace the word "rape", in most instances, with alternatives such as "abduction" and the similar-sounding "raid". In 1990, Jones and Schmidt wrote an optional replacement piece called "Abductions", which uses the music of the "Rape Ballet", although this song did not replace "It Depends on What You Pay" at the Sullivan Street Playhouse, where, with the edits made in the book, audiences accepted the song. An edited version of "It Depends on What You Pay" was used in the long-running Jerry Orbach Theater version of the show.Theatre program, The Fantasticks, Terzetto LLC producer, Jerry Orbach Theater, New York City, September 5, 2015 MTI (Music Theater International), which licenses the show, offers "Abductions" as an alternative choice.Fowler, Nancy. " The Fantasticks: Is it ever OK to have fun with the word 'rape'?" , St. Louis Beacon, March 25, 2010, accessed July 18, 2014
Washington, D.C. production
The musical was presented by the Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. from November 20, 2009, to January 10, 2010, at the Lincoln Theatre. The well-received production replaced the conventional "mysterious bandit" interpretation of El Gallo with a kindly carnival magician character. Washington Post theatre critic Peter Marks wrote, "they have been reconditioned to conceal the telltale signs of age and yield a diversion that feels fresh and alive again".
2010 West End production
The Fantasticks played briefly in London's West End at the Duchess Theatre, opening on June 9, 2010, following previews from May 24, 2010.Shenton, Mark. "'The Fantasticks'". Thestage.co.uk, June 10, 2010Guilfoyle, Lizzie. "The Fantasticks posts closing notices". Indielondon.co.uk, retrieved June 16, 2010 The production was directed by Amon Miyamoto, designed by Rumi Matsui with lighting by Rick Fisher, and starred Hadley Fraser as El Gallo, Lorna Want as Luisa, Luke Brady as Matt, Clive Rowe and David Burt as the fathers, Edward Petherbridge as the Old Actor, Paul Hunter as Henry and Carl Au as the mime. The production received mixed to poor reviews: Michael Billington wrote in the Guardian, "the time for this kind of faux-naïf, sub Commedia dell'Arte diversion has passed",Billington, Michael. "'The Fantasticks'". The Guardian, June 10, 2010 while Paul Tayolr, in The Independent, felt that, while "ingratiating and as an open-hearted antidote to soulless, big-budget hi-tech, The Fantasticks continues to prove that small can be quite fetching".Taylor, Paul. "'The Fantasticks', Duchess Theatre, London". The Independent, June 11, 2010 The production closed on June 26, 2010, two and a half weeks into its run. " Fantasticks Posts Closing Notices at Duchess" whatsonstage.com, June 13, 2010Shenton, Mark. "London's New Fantasticks to Shutter June 26". Playbill.com, June 14, 2010
2014 US national tour
A non-equity national tour, in a steampunk-inspired version, began at the Rushmore Plaza Civic Center on January 17, 2014.
Other productions
According to The New York Times, " The Fantasticks is one of the most widely produced musicals in the world, with more than 11,000 productions, by 2010, in 3,000 cities and towns in all 50 states, as well as in 67 countries.Healy, Patrick. " Fantasticks Pays Back for 50 Years". The New York Times, May 2, 2010 The Fantasticks has been performed at The White House, for the Peace Corps in Africa, at the Shawnee Methodist Mission in Kansas, the Menninger Foundation, Yellowstone National Park and the White Sands Missile Range. "The Fifth Decade!" Official Website, accessed June 16, 2010 It was performed in Mandarin Chinese by the Peking Opera, and in 1990 under the auspices of the United States State Department it played for the first time in Russia. Famous actors, other than those listed above, who have performed in productions of the show include David Canary, Robert Goulet, Richard Chamberlain, John Carradine and Ed Ames.
Television and film
An abbreviated version of the show was broadcast by the Hallmark Hall of Fame on October 18, 1964. The cast included John Davidson, Stanley Holloway, Bert Lahr, Ricardo Montalbán and Susan Watson, who had appeared in the original Barnard College production. The roles of the old actor and Mortimer were cut for time, and some of their lines were assigned to the fathers, who indulged in some "amateur theatrics". "Hallmark Hall of Fame – The Fantasticks" , Fantasticks on Broadway, accessed March 23, 2015
Plot
Act I
Two houses are separated by a wall (portrayed by a mute actor) in an unspecified American town.
Act II
The children and fathers are discovered in the same poses but are visibly exhausted by the effort. El Gallo observes that what seemed romantic by moonlight may lose its charm when exposed to the harsh light of day. He exchanges his moon for a blazing sun. The fathers and lovers begin to complain about one another, noticing all the flaws that have become glaringly visible by daylight ("This Plum Is Too Ripe"). The children try to recreate their romantic mood from the previous night and mock their fathers. Eventually, in a fit of pique, Hucklebee reveals that the kidnapping and the feud were fake. Matt and Luisa are mortified, and the fathers' mutual recrimination quickly escalates into a real feud; they storm off to their respective houses. Matt sees El Gallo and, in a desperate attempt to regain his honor and Luisa's love, challenges him to a duel. El Gallo easily disarms Matt and leaves him embarrassed. Matt and Luisa then argue; she calls him a poseur, while he calls her childish.
Casts
Musical numbers
Act I
Act II
Controversy
After the initial success of the musical, The Fantasticks came under criticism for the repeated use of the word "rape" in the scene preceding the song "It Depends on What You Pay" and in the lyrics of the song. In the original production, when El Gallo offers to stage the phony kidnapping of Luisa, he refers to the proposed event as a "rape", although he states that he uses the word in its literary sense of "abduction", noting that classical works such as Alexander Pope's The Rape of the Lock use the word in this sense. (See raptio and bride kidnapping.) In his song "It Depends on What You Pay" he describes different kidnapping scenarios, some comic or outlandish, that he classifies as the "Venetian rape", the "Gothic fiction", the "Drunken rape", etc. However, as women’s rights advocates began drawing attention to rape and sexual assault in the US during the play's long run, many audience members objected to the repeated use of the word, arguing that it minimizes the damage to women and families caused by sexual crimes.Schmidt, p. 120Proulx, Lisa. " Fantasticks: Still controversial", The Gazette, October 4, 2007, accessed July 18, 2014
Notes
External links
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